5. Using the developed NIR imaging system, all of the three different calibration methods (MLR, PLSR, and ANN) provided a high prediction capacity for the determination of moisture in rice samples. Methods Moisture Content Determination by Oven Method. Tribolium castaneum is an important insect pest of stored milled rice in Indonesia. The chemical compositions of the extracts were identified by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Different forms of raw and parboiled rice kernels (rough rice, brown rice, and milled rice) of an Indica variety were used as sample material. Effects of oven drying temperature and drying time on rough rice moisture content determination. Although considerable progress has been made with respect to improved breeds and production practices, losses during postharvest handling remain considerable. The table below compares the two methods and provides an overview of the most important characteristics. of 8.34 on ten point hedonic scale by sensory evaluation. The samples were stored under different conditions of temperature, relative humidity and time, until 180 days. All rights reserved. The size of the hole is usually adjustable. ), S352Á1. Experiments were designed based on two different configurations of the drying methods; with and without discharge fan with three different heights of paddy including; 5, 10, and 15 cm. Today there are even micro-moisture analyzers, using microbalances that can provide moisture “Instant rice, also known as minute rice, is rice that has been precooked and dehydrated so that it cooks more rapidly” (within 10 min). This paper is a review of the previous research that happened in this area, and it would help the researcher to know the techniques already been used. The experiments were conducted to examine the effect of application of discharge fan with different heights of paddy on the drying efficiency. This uses the total loss of weight incurred by the sample on drying to calculate the moisture content. Results showed that the moisture meters had a positive differ-dried method. Adults of S. oryzae (male and female) and both larvae are insatiable feeders on a great variety of grains. The performance of a method that could accelerate the sorption process of biological materials was evaluated with respect to rapidness (expedition of sorption), comparability of equilibrium moisture content (EMC) values with the control (conventional static method) and effect of specific airflow rates on the rate of sorption, EMC, and sorption rate constant. Analyses of the mineral content demonstrated high level of Ca (5020.0 ppm), Mg (747.0 ppm), Na (170.62 ppm) and Fe (100.32 ppm). In order to ensure the accuracy of moisture meters, the measurement uncertainty for two designs of meters, the farm-type sample-cell (CD-5) and inspection-type single-grain (CTR-E200) were evaluated in this study. ), pp 1-55. The results show that if the algae is stored dry (<25% moisture) the algae stock can be used for up to a year with good conversion of carbohydrates to sugars using a 10% w/v of dried algae. © 2017, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. This process is susceptible for upscaling to produce high LA concentrations and represents a platform to utilize agroindustrial wastes to obtain value-added products. Drying … For fruits and vegetables where heat sensitivity is problem, vacuum is applied in the oven to decrease the boiling point of moisture. The standard moisture content of rough rice was maintained using reference materials. Quantitative determination of phytochemicals, anti-nutrient content and mineral analysis of edible Indian spices Cornus capitata was carried out. Wf: Final weight of grain No significant difference was found in the uncertainty between the linear and polynomial calibration equations for the CD-5 meter. ATT-15/95, MOISTURE CONTENT, Oven Method Part II, Emulsified Asphalt Mixes 1.0 SCOPE This method describes the procedure for determining the moisture content of emulsified asphalt mixes using a field laboratory oven. The steady state of temperature between the two methods has saved time in the range of 10-20%, and the efficiency of temperature distribution increased 17-26% by the use of discharge fan. The results are in close agreement with those obtained by Method 44-40.01 (vacuum-oven). Originality/value In destructive method peanuts or samples have to be cleaned and shells are removed, so that this method is time consuming and samples are wasted. Wood chips (firewood) were used for heating the incoming air in the dryer. The moisture content of the sample was then measured by the oven method. For this reasons, the selected plant oils have potential for development of novel insecticides. © 2018, Int. Unsafe moisture content at loading and the climatically uncontrolled nature of traditional storage structure (gombisa) together with ventilation dependent on wind alone, results in mycoflora growth and development on maize in the system. The instant rice samples showed the presence of V-type pattern revealing the formation of amylase-lipid complexes in X-Ray Diffraction. Non-destructive determination of moisture content in hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.), TAHILLARIN DÄ°ELEKTRÄ°K KATSAYILARINA BAĞLI OLARAK NEM İÇERİĞİNÄ°N ÖLÇÜLMESÄ° VE SÄ°LOLARDA TAHIL SEVÄ°YESÄ°NÄ°N BELÄ°RLENMESÄ° İÇİN SÄ°STEM TASARLANMASI, 3.Effect of pre-treatment on puffing of finger millet, bengal gram, Himalayan dogwood (Cornus capitata wall ex. The internationally accepted ISO712-1979 (E) ground grain method was tested against the ASAE S352, 1977 method and the NIAE 16 hr whole grain methods.Comparative determinations were made at six moisture content levels, in the range 0.1–0.39 decimal dry basis (9–28% w.b.) Mi: Initial moisture content of grain (wet basis) Supporting data are included for ground tobacco, cigarette filler, cigar filler and a … The microwave method was similar to the official kiln drying when 900 W/4.3 minutes was applied. Ventilation of on-cobs-maize for 10-12 days resulted in a reduction of moisture content (d.b.) Standard operational procedures for the preparation of reference material were proposed in this study. Some authors applied linear correlations between moisture content from different methods. So it can be seen that microwave oven method gave the values very close to the values of hot air oven method. The effect of pretreatments on puffing of finger millet, bengal gram and maize were Regression models were developed to predict the base moisture determination method (105°C for 72 h) as a function of other procedures. 1951, 23, ... Investigation of Thermal Conductivity by Hot Ball Method and its Correlation with Soil Quality Index of Veracruz Sugarcane Soil. The farmers’ produce large quantity of grains. The grains were pre – treated with water and citric acid solution (1% concentration). Two regression methods, multiple linear regressions (MLR) and partial least square regression (PLSR), were applied to develop calibration models. Conclusively, the new corrected parameters enhanced the sample discrimination capability and the agreement with the sensorial stickiness than the uncorrected stickiness. VIEW METHOD | VIEW CALCULATOR. Specific airflow rates of 79.14 m(3)/min-m(3) and lower showed the most similar EMC values to those of the control. Regression equation becomes Y=-26.38+2.03X (n=44, R2=0.6536**), meaning 1% increase of moisture content results in 2.03% increase of non- dehulled grain. Methods for Determination of Moisture-Oven Drying. loss in grains incurred during sample preparation. Secondary data of solar irradiance obtained from Jimma area, Ethiopia compared to the current experiment show higher energy availability, demonstrating high potential to apply ventilation and drying system to the region. A 1 a - Powder Moisture Accurate Standard Method GEA Niro Method No. ASAE Standard (29th Edn. Petroleum ether and chloroform extracts of P. nigrum and petroleum ether extract of J. curcas extracts also showed strong antifeedant and opposed to progeny production. Moisture content was determined for intact, ground and cut seeds by oven-drying at 103°C for 17 hours. In the study chemical composition of extracts from black pepper, Piper nigrum L. and physic nut, Jatropha curcas L. were tested against this pest, under laboratory conditions. Linear regression models were used to adjust the moisture contents from the microwave oven for deviations from the air-oven values. Due to the need for simple and economical technologies, an inflatable solar dryer (ISD) was developed based on adaptations of the Hohenheim-type solar tunnel dryer. To the knowledge of the authors, the review of the existing moisture measurement of seeds/agricultural commodities is available in the literature. Moisture AACC Method 44-15.02 Moisture -- Air-Oven Methods. Adults of S. oryzae (male and female) and both larvae are insatiable feeders on a great variety of grains. Utilizing these three models, the analysis results of r val 2 , SEP, and RPD for the validation set were within 0.942–0.952, 0.435–0.479%, and 4.2–4.6, respectively. Most of the techniques used magnetic or electric properties to measure the MC indirectly. Approximately 10,000 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) spanning 15 phyla were obtained. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of 11th International Congress on Engineering and Food (ICEF 11) Executive Committee. The first class was 12 students. However, a PCoA plot did show that the bacterial communities of 128 cave samples clustered into groups corresponding to sampling types (air, water, rock, and sediment). Our results indicate that sediment and water harboured higher fungal diversity than air and rock, and substrate and spatial variables are key determinants of fungal communities in caves. Due to large particle size, corn will produce large gap during measuring moisture content. Moisture content (MC) of rough rice directly affects rice quality and its market value. Our findings indicate that the various methods that have been used for moisture determination by moisture loss-on-drying will not give identical results and therefore, caution should be exercised when selecting a moisture loss-on-drying method for DDGS. In both seasons, the final moisture content of 12% was reached after prolonged drying periods. 1. The cooked rice were used to prepare two types of instant rice varieties (tomato rice and lemon rice). © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 32: 1013–1022, 2013. International Seed Testing Association methods for seed moisture testing were used to determine the moisture content of ginseng seeds. Compressed ground samples of rapeseed at densities nearly equivalent to seed density were used. China has one of the world’s largest areas of karst topography in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, yet the bacteriomes in these karst caves remain unexplored. 6. Transactions of the ASAE A comparison of microwave, air oven and moisture meters with standard method for rough rice moisture determination, AACC, Minnesota, USA Jindal V K; Siebenmorgen T J (1987). In all kinds of corn moisture measurement methods, capacitance method becomes the main method with simple structure, low cost and online measurement. Wi(1-Mi/100)=Wf(1-Mf/100) Vacuum and convection ovens gave equivalent results when operated at 100 degree C for 24 h. Temperatures above 100 degree C and drying times of 2 and 6 h significantly affected the indicated moisture content. Objective: This study was conducted to estimate the insecticidal effect of essential oils from peppermint, Mentha piperita L. and black pepper, Piper nigrum L. against two major stored product insects. Oxidases produced by Trametes versicolor and hydrolases produced by Aspergillus flavipes and Aspergillus niger saccharified BP at optimal conditions: 230 rpm, 66 g/L BP, and 73.5% (v/v) of enzymatic crude extract (using equal quantities of the enzymatic extracts). The set-point dials on most ovens are not very accurate, so it is a good idea to have an This study quantified the variability among 14 standard moisture loss-on-drying (gravimetric) methods for determination of the moisture content of corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). ... 3 199 cob was measured early in the morning each day (7:30 am) and late afternoon (7:30 pm) using a sensitive balance, KERN PRS (0.001 g). A computational fluid dynamics simulation result revealed the uniformity of the drying of on-cobs-maize using the ventilation system fitted to the modified gombisa. Placed this. oven-drying method for moisture determination has been widely used; this method measures the weight loss following heating of a sample. To save energy and reduce the drying time, the distribution of temperature between layers should be fast and uniform with minimum difference; otherwise the difference of MC gradient between layers will be high and will induce grain breakage. Three parameters were compared such as the stickiness (the measured force), the primarily corrected stickiness (the corrected stickiness at a fixed value of compression force), and the secondarily corrected stickiness (the corrected stickiness at a fixed value of the corrected compression force). In total 1.76 m³ of on-cobs-maize with an average moisture content of 0.22 on d.b. oven needs to be able to attain and hold a temperature of 217°F (103°C). basmati rice) is 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP). Implications of moisture The sample to be analyzed is placed under an infrared lamp and its mass is recorded as a function of time. The correlation between the instrumental and sensorial stickiness was also the highest in the secondarily corrected stickiness. Moisture contents by the loss-on-drying methods were significantly different for DDGS samples from three fuel ethanol plants. A literature review of the existing non-destructive methods has been done, and the methodology of each approach is explained with the figure. Where, W water = weight of water in Soil in grams W solid = weight of solid particles in the soil in grams (i.e., oven dried soil).. 1. The major extracted components of P. nigrum were piperine (74.34%) and caryophyllene (18.53%), and for J. curcas were oleic acid (40.67%), linoleic acid (34.17%) and palmitic acid (18.03%). (2) At 105°C for 24 hours with ground grain of about 10 grams Method development to match results from the drying oven; Special samples (e.g. The densities of lemon rice and tomato rice were found to be 0.236 g/cm3 and 0.244 g/cm3, respectively. Total operational hours with 15 kg wood combustion and with sensible heat storage were found 8 hours and 45 minutes. This highly volatile compound has been found to occur naturally in Pandan leaves. Methods: Essential oils from two species of plants were obtained by clevenger-type water distillation. Most of the techniques use only small quantity of grains or food items at a time to measure the MC which is not accurate and representative of the produce. Extract contains 27.69 mg gallic acid equivalents-GAE/g of total phenolic compounds. However, they must be calibrated by the standard moisture content that is measured by primary method [48, Implications of moisture loss in grains incurred during sample preparation, Sigurdson J T (1978). Results disclosed that the fruits are rich in crude fibre (26.00%) and carbohydrate (22.63%) with moisture of 43.75%. Time taken to measure moisture content using this method is less. dried fruits and vegetables, confectionary, coffee, oils and fats]. Weight loss increased with the increase in the number of pairs of infested T. castaneum . In this work, calibration methods including multiple linear regression (MLR), partial least squares regression (PLSR), and artificial neural network (ANN) were used in both near-infrared spectrometry (NIRS) and the NIR imaging system to deter-mine the moisture content of rice. Results indicated that the variability of moisture content of samples is within acceptable limits. The replicate moisture determinations of samples were within 0.2% throughout all the tests. Dried stocks of algae harvested during a 6-month period were used to feed the bioreactors, and the process to extract sugar from the natural wastewater grown algae was optimized. Aroma is one of the most important rice sensory quality characteristics. High-frequency ground penetrating radar (GPR) was used in this study to monitor the moisture content of paddy in a drying process. Nineteen fungal species were isolated Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium citrinum were the dominant fungal species. The partial least square (PLS) models obtained from the NIR spectroscopy showed low predictive power, due to the natural heterogeneity of the samples. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in bacteriomes among the eight caves. For the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) standard method, ground grains were dried at 130°C for 1 h. The other method was to … Moisture determination by hot air oven method.docx - 1 Moisture determination by hot air oven method Purpose This method is used for the quantitative, 1 out of 1 people found this document helpful, This method is used for the quantitative determination of moisture in all foods except food samples high, in sugar(10%).if there are >8% moisture contents then use the oven method otherwise in case of <8%. Lactobacillus delbrueckii fermented the released RS, producing 10 g/L of LA; while in the sequential fermentation (inoculating L. delbrueckii after saccharification), 28 g/L of LA were produced, observing an apparent decrease in feedback inhibition of hydrolases below 1.5 g/L of RS. Storing maize inside modified gombisa plays a role in protecting the stored product from outside weather conditions. ), S352Á1. The angle of repose of bengal gram that is pre-treated with From experimental results, the performance of NIR imaging system was almost the same as that of NIRS. Data was collected on solar irradiance, photovoltaic voltage, current, inlet duct air velocity and temperature and relative humidity inside the storage system. Moisture content was reduced from 23% to 14% within 26-52 h of continuous operation during the rainy season and 16% to 14% within 4-26 h of drying during the dry season. The rehydration process was standardized to be 1: 2.25 rice to water ratio for 3min. Based on measured nutritional indices of adults, the highest FDI and the lowest RGR, RCR, and ECI were obtained when adults were treated with M. piperita and H. officinalis at 10 μL/g food. Subtract weight of each dish from total weight and record result as weight of sample. The accelerated method required 40-60% less time compared to the control method (static) to reach sorption equilibrium. Among 72 tested models, the best model was found at PLSR model with first differential of 21 gap points, which had rc=0.97, SEC=1.30 for calibration and rp=0.92, SEP=2.51 for validation. The performance of the developed system was evaluated through experimental tests for rice moisture content. Location Cereal 3. Yes. This range of frequencies includes the ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) frequencies of 13, 27, 40, 915 and 2450 MHz. Corn moisture content is the main factor of effecting corn safe transportation and storage, and is also an indispensable measurement part when it is used to feed, food and industry. High moisture in stored maize can be detrimental to food safety because of the likelihood of aflatoxin contamination and other forms of deterioration. Experimental, Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. For this purpose, a simple, compact, and inexpensive experimental setup was fabricated with a facility to agitate the conditioned air around the sample. In: Storage of Cereal Grains and their Products (Christensen C M, ed. In the present study performance of a natural convection grain dryer was investigated For determination of moisture by the oven-drying method, samples of wood in the form of borings, thin chips, or the usual test-sections about ' inch thick along the grain, were dried for a period of twenty-four to forty-eight hours in an electric oven automatically regulated so … The smallest quantity of apparent loss of dry matter among the methods (1), (2) and (3) was obtained in the case of (3). With only one exception, R2 values for the unrestricted linear regression models exceeded 0.98. However, there has been little work done on how 2-AP is extracted from Pandan leaves and the phenomena taking place during cooking. When the content of kernels with primary branch and ear breaking in rough rice was below 15%, the representative moisture content of rough rice including kernels with primary branch and ear breaking was able to be regarded as the moisture content of kernels. Introduction of phase change material (paraffin wax) indicated improvement in drying quality and enhancement in operation time. There are basically two types of MC measurement techniques – destructive method and non-destructive method. Weight loss (based on dry weight) was determined after 3 months of storage.The results showed, that the population of adult T. castaneum increased with the increase in the number of pairs of infested T. castaneum and storage duration. (kg/kg) were also used for the study. These results indicated that the variation of moisture content was low. The homogeneity of the samples was tested by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique. While capable of processing multiple samples, and handling large weights of a sample, this technique does take a long time to give the results, typically ho… Shut off the vacuum line and slowly fill the oven with air drawn through the drying train. In the case of C. cephalonica larvae, the LC50 values were 343.9 and 530.5 mL/L air for M. piperita and P. nigrum essential oils at 72 hours after commencement, respectively. leaves), Serangan Tribolium castaneum pada Beras di Penyimpanan dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Serangan Cendawan dan Susut Bobot, Insecticidal effects of peppermint and black pepper essential oils against rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. and rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica (St.), An evaluation of mortality of sitophilus oryzae treated with selected insecticides via filter paper and food impregnated metho, NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION AND COLOUR ANALYSIS OF CHOLESTEROL-REDUCED EGG YOLK POWDER, Dielectric characterization of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) from 10 to 3000 MHz, Development of an inflatable solar dryer for improved postharvest handling of paddy rice in humid climates, Comparative evaluation of novel low-cost moisture meters suitable for grain moisture measurement, EFFECT OF NATURAL LIGHTING, COMBINATION OF SOAKING AND IRRIGATION, AND SEEDING RATE ON BARLEY GREEN FODDER PRODUCTION UNDER FARMER'S DOMESTIC ROOM CONDITIONS, EFFICACY OF SOME SINAI'S FLORA EXTRACTS ON RICE WEEVIL SITOPHILUS ORYZAE L. AND BROAD BEAN BEETLE BRUCHUS RUFIMANUS, Enzymatic saccharification of banana peel and sequential fermentation of the reducing sugars to produce lactic acid, Diversity, Distribution and Co-occurrence Patterns of Bacterial Communities in a Karst Cave System, Substrate and spatial variables are major determinants of fungal community in karst caves in Southwest China, Microwave drying and NIR spectroscopy for rapid moisture measurement of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) leaves during storage, Drying Experiment of Rubber Sheet Using Solar Dryer with Solar Collector Installed on Top Wall of the Dryer, Development of a photovoltaic driven ventilation system to modified traditional ethiopian gombisa for on-cobs-maize drying and storage, Development and Evaluation of a Low-Cost Probe-Type Instrument to Measure the Equilibrium Moisture Content of Grain, Efficacy of Three Herbal Essential Oils Against Rice Weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Performance Evaluation of a Natural Convection Grain Dryer, Measurement of Moisture Content for Rough Rice by Visible and Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy, Non-destructive methods for the measurement of moisture contents - A review, Effects of Discharge Fan on the Drying Efficiency in Flat-bed type Dryer, Preparation of reference materials for rice kernels, Uncertainty evaluation of conductance moisture meters for rough grain, Performance of an Accelerated Method for the Determination of Equilibrium Moisture Content, Evaluation of Air Oven Moisture Content Determination Procedures for Pearl Millet ( Pennisetum glaucum L . Using a moisture analyzer or a drying oven with a balance are both common methods for determining moisture content via loss on drying. 304, Washington, DC Hunt W H; Pixton S W (1974). ISO 24557:2009 specifies a routine reference method for the determination of moisture content of pulses. Always use tongs when handling dry container, This method is based on drying of food sample under controlled temperature until constant weight is. Here, we assess the fungal diversity and distribution patterns in karst caves in Southwest China and reveal the major factors that shape the fungal communities. water was 32.430 and that of citric acid pre-treated was found to be 31.510. of the chapatti was made with blend of the three flours of puffed finger millet, bengal gram and Noomhorm and Verma (1982) compared the results of two oven methods for the moisture determination of rough rice. Measurement of the MC of the seeds is thus very important for the farmers. The methods were compared with the Karl Fischer (KF) titration method to determine their percent variation from the KF method. St. Joseph, MI, USA, Oven methods for precise measurement of moisture in seeds, Golumbic C (1959). These results demonstrate the potential for year round production of fuel from algae harvested as part of a water reclamation process. 83(5):498–504 The objective of this study was to develop a near-infrared (NIR) imaging system to determine rice moisture content. In fumigants bioassay, H. officinalis (78.16 μl/L) had the highest toxicity against S. oryzae adults, followed by R. officinalis (115.63 μl/L) and M. piperita (299.51 μl/L), respectively. The moisture contents of the sediment samples were measured by drying at 105°C until the weights were stable. This recommended method specifies an oven-drying method for the determination of the moisture content (oven volatiles) of tobacco and tobacco products that are in the range of 5% to 60%. Results The humid heated air will be going out immediately by the suction of discharge fan. Mey), The absorption of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline during cooking of rice (Oryza sativa L.) with Pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) Regardless of the kinds of grains and moisture contents, the drying time in the air oven which did not show apparent loss of dry matter was 48 hours in (1), 240 hours in (2) and 48 hours in (3) respectively. Depending on the balance and heating mechanism, a wide array of precision and accuracy is available. (3) At 135°C for 24 hours with whole grain of about 10 grams Place approximately 15 g of representative portion of unground sample in each of two or more tared moisture dishes. Main conclusions All these three Consequently, bacteria play an important role in sustaining such subsurface ecosystems by dominating primary production and fueling biogeochemical cycles. Regression equation of the percent non-dehulled grain on the moisture content can be represented by Y=-6.42+0.78X (n=50, R2=0.8101**) when the moisture content is below 22%, i.e., 1% increase of moisture content results in 0.78% increase of non-dehulled grain.